ADMS

The Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute in accordance with an Act from the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development has developed the climatic water balance for all Polish municipalities (3,064 municipalities), and based on the soils categories have identified in those municipalities the current agricultural drought risk for the following crops: winter and spring cereals, corn for grain and silage, oilseed rape and turnip rape, sugar beet, potatoes, hops, tobacco, field vegetables, shrubs and fruit trees and strawberries and legumes.

In the fifth reporting period, i.e. from May 21 to July 20, 2015, IUNG-PIB does not state a risk of agricultural drought in Poland. The values of climatic water balance (CWB), which are the basis to assess the risk of drought, are negative but these values for above-mentioned crop are much higher than the critical value.

This is another sixty days period in which the lowest value of KBW occurred in exactly the same areas as in previous periods. The lowest CWB values were in the eastern part of the Wielkopolska Lake District. north-western part of the Lodz Voivodeship, Kutno Plain and Kujawski Lake District, with the proviso that current values were approx. 20 mm below and reaching from -160 to -179 mm. The same size of water deficit also occurred in Żuławy. Low values CWB  were also recorded in Pomorskie, eastern parts of Warmińsko-Mazurskie, Mazowieckie and western parts of Mazowieckie and northern parts of Podlaskie Voivodeship reaching from -150 to -169 mm. In some parts of the country CWB value compared to the previous period were lower by 10-20 mm, such reduction of the CWB were recorded especially in the southern regions of Mazowieckie Voivodeship, in Lublin region and in the northern regions of Podkarpacie.

The lowest CWB value (below -50 mm) was recorded in southern parts of Małopolskie and Podkarpackie.

During the current sixty days period. the value of CWB on Polish territory compared to the previous reporting period have slightly increse. On average for the country CWB value compared to the previous period were higher by 3 mm.

In June the lowest temperature occurred in the north of the country and the highest in the southern parts of Poland. In the first ten days of June on the Baltic coast and in Żuławy recorded below 15 ° C. In the Mazury Lake District. Podlasie Lowland. and in the Lubuskie region average air temperature was 15 ° C. In Polish Highlands, Śląska and Mazowiecka Lowland a temperature was recorded from 16.5 ° C to 17.5 ° C. In contrast, the highest temperature (above 17.5°C) was recorded in the Sandomierz Basin and in the vicinity of Krakow and Opole.

In the first twenty days of July there have been very similar distribution of air temperature on Polish territory. The lowest air temperature was recorded in the northern and north - eastern parts of the Poland. In contrast, the highest temperature of the month was recorded in the south-western areas of the country. On the Baltic coast and in Żuławy was recorded temperature below 18.5 ° C while second ten days was colder reaching 16 ° C. In the southern part of the Pomorskie and Mazurskie Lakeland, Podlasie Lowland air temperature ranged from 18.5 ° C to 19.5 ° C while in the second ten days period was colder by 2 ° C. On the Polish Highlands recorded a temperature of 19.5 ° C to 21 ° C while in the second ten days period was colder by 2 ° C. In contrast, the highest temperature (above 21.5 ° C) was recorded on Ziemia Lubuska and the Śląska Lowland while in the second ten days period on Śląska Lowland (20 ° C).

Precipitation in June of this year were characterized by a very large diversity in the country. Relatively high precipitation occurred in the south - west and the northern part of the Poland from 60 to 90 mm and sometimes even exceeded 90 mm. By contrast, relatively small and very low rainfall was recorded in eastern and especially in northern eastern and southern eastern parts of the country and in the Central Polish Lowlands waist of less than 20 mm to 40 mm.

In the first ten days of July in most parts of the country were relatively low rainfall (10 to 20 mm) while in the second ten days period 10mm higher. Greater than 50 mm rainfall was recorded only in the south-eastern regions of the Podkarpackie Viovodship in the first ten days and sites in different parts of Poland in the second ten days of this month which is related to the type of storm rainfall.

Throughout the country there is still a large deficit of water. The lack of water for crops manifests itself in all monitored crops substantial reduction in yields. Presented CWB values are close to critical values, but they have not been exceeded, which means that the average loss in yield in the local district does not exceed 20%, but it should be noted, that in this case the individual farms yield losses can be as high as 30%. It should also be noted that in case of no drought within the meaning of the Act, we must also recognize that all water deficit causes a reduction in the final yield and that the drought, which is a sign of water shortage has caused losses in a farm depending on its severity. Thus, even improvement of moisture conditions in future periods will not cause significant increases in the size of the yield and they will be lower in a given year relative to the yields obtained with the multi-annual average weather conditions.